English must be taken by others countries to become global because a language cannot become global when it is only use by the countries which English is the mother-tongue. So English become the official language and foreign language of the colonies becomes the base of English to become a global language. an economic power is still needed to maintain and expand the status of the language. LEARNING ENGLISH ALMOST 24 HOURS A DAY - Nowadays, more and more people around the world are learning English as a second language and the way that they study it is changing. In some countries, English immersion schools have been built to create all-English environments for English learners. [email protected] I understand the place closed a while ago and wonder whether there are any records which would show why they were admitted. Mary Ann Walden's parents Robert and Mary Ann King had moved to Wanstead in Liverpool University Press is the UK's third oldest university press, with a distinguished history of publishing exceptional research since 1899. Aug 04, 2022 · Mosquitoes aren't only annoying; according to some estimates, about 3 million people die every year from infectious diseases caused by bites. These tiny female bugs are one of the world's most An adult mosquito belonging to the species of the insect responsible for the majority of Zika cases has been caught in Canada for the first time by a southern Ontario health unit English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where `_____ for administration, broadcasting and education. A. is used But please note that Microsoft has not come out with an official list of new. Para baixar o arquivo ISO do Windows 11 22H2 com a ferramenta de criação de mídia, siga estas etapas: Abrir Microsoft site de suporte. Na seção "Criar mídia de instalação do Windows 11", clique no botão Baixe a ferramenta agora botão. Clique duas vezes no QCzl. By Last updated May 1, 2023 The Importance of English 5 Ways the Language Can Change Your Life What makes English an important language, not just a common one? Is it really worth putting all that time, effort and energy into learning English? English is an important language for all kinds of professional and personal goals. Whether you’re just starting out in English, or you need some motivation to keep going, understanding the importance of the language will help you reach fluency and change your life. Contents Why Did English Become Important? The Importance of English 5 Valuable Reasons to Learn the Language 1. English Opens New Career Opportunities 2. English Tests Can Get You Into School 3. English Is the Top Language of the Internet 4. English Makes Your Life More Entertaining 5. Learning English Can Make You Smarter Download This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. Download Why Did English Become Important? English is one of the most used languages in the world. Even outside of countries like the and the many people can speak and understand English. And if you include people who speak it as a second language, an estimated 1 billion people worldwide speak English! On top of this, 67 countries have English as their official language and there are 27 countries that have English as their secondary official language. Why is this? It all has to do with history and the key is the British Empire. Throughout the centuries, the British Empire expanded and ruled over many different countries, including most of the ones just mentioned and many more. In many cases, the British forced the people they ruled over to speak English and some of these countries still speak English, even if it isn’t their main language. For example, why do people in Ireland know English but barely speak the land’s original language, Gaelic? Because Britain ruled over Ireland for hundreds of years. English may have a complicated past, but it has a bright future. Because so many people can speak the language, it helps connect us in a global world. It can also help you in your personal and professional life. Below are the ways that knowing the language can help you as an English language learner. 1. English Opens New Career Opportunities First and foremost, learning English can help you pursue and obtain more career opportunities. These days, the job market is global—many companies need employees who can communicate with partners and clients all over the world. Very often, that means finding employees who speak English. Are you job hunting? Are you looking for a promotion within your company? Do you just want to keep your professional options open? Learning English is an important step forward to all of those goals. The global job market has even created new positions for bilingual people. By learning English, you could become a translator, a language teacher or an English marketing professional for a global company. No matter what career path you decide to pursue, learning English is a valuable skill. It’ll help you become a better, more sought-after employee as well as a more well-rounded person. 2. English Tests Can Get You Into School If you learn English well enough to pass tests like the TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language you can study in English-language universities across the globe. That’s great news if you want to move to an English-speaking region or work in one—a student visa can get you there. Or you may simply want to take a few classes abroad. A successful English test will show colleges and universities that you’re ready. The TOEFL, noted above, is one of the most common English proficiency tests. Others include the IELTS International English Language Testing System and the Cambridge exams. Some colleges or language centers even offer classes to help you practice for these tests. Even if you don’t need to take a test for a specific reason, or have already graduated from college, studying for an English test can still really help you improve your language skills. It’ll teach you the essential skills needed to communicate in English and if you end up passing the test, it means your English has become very strong! 3. English Is the Top Language of the Internet English is the most-used language online, with nearly 1 billion users typing and chatting in the language. If you can understand and read English, you’ll be able to access and enjoy many more resources online. You can read online news articles. You can leave comments on an English video. You can understand Tweets from English-speaking celebrities. You can participate in a discussion on a forum. The possibilities are endless! Obviously this is helpful if you’re just using the internet to browse and have fun. But many people and businesses also need to conduct research, market themselves or communicate and develop connections online—English will be crucial for success. Email is also now a very common way to talk with people all over the world. Email is the primary way for many companies to communicate with customers or other businesses. Being able to write emails or other correspondences in English is another important asset for employers. Whether it’s for fun or for work, if you can understand English, you’ll be able to communicate with more people online or use many more materials. 4. English Makes Your Life More Entertaining Want to put more books on your bookshelf? Want more options for a Friday movie night? Learning English will open a whole world of entertainment for you. You won’t need to rely on translations—you can enjoy the authentic originals. Understanding English means you’ll get to enjoy modern Hollywood blockbusters very popular/successful movies as well as classic films from different generations. You can watch engaging English videos that discuss all kinds of topics. You’ll also be able to read popular books that were written in English, like “Harry Potter,” “Twilight,” “The Hunger Games” and more. Besides helping you learn realistic English, authentic English media can also teach you about the cultures of English-speaking countries. This can be very helpful if you ever decide to travel to these places in the future. If you aren’t sure where to watch movies in English, check out streaming services like Netflix or Amazon Prime Video—as well as free services like Crackle and Tubi TV. For videos, there are websites like YouTube and Vimeo. These platforms are very big and have a lot of content, so you might have to filter and search carefully for the right clips. There’s also the language learning program FluentU and its library of English videos, which are all organized by topic and English difficulty level. Each video comes with interactive subtitles that explain the vocabulary used including English expressions, and you can review what you learn with flashcards and quizzes. If you want to read books in English for free, here are some options. Check out a local library. Even you don’t live in an English-speaking region, your library likely has an English- or foreign-language section. E-book services like Kindle or Nook have many free downloads. Browse their huge selections to see if any free English books interest you. 5. Learning English Can Make You Smarter On top of all of these benefits, learning a new language such as English helps your brain function in new ways. Literally! Research shows that learning a new language changes your brain structure don’t worry, it’s in a good way. It impacts the parts of your brain that are responsible for memory, conscious thought and more. Put simply, learning a new language can make your brain stronger and more versatile, improving the way you think. Research also shows that bilingualism can keep the brain strong and healthy into old age, and helps with memory, concentration and other skills. It can also help you on standardized tests which will be great for the TOEFL! and make you more creative. If you learn English, you could read a book in English, take a class in English or do all kinds of other things. This will open up the pathways to many other experiences, help you learn new things and make you feel smarter. Well, what are you waiting for? Don’t hesitate! The sooner you start learning English, the sooner you’ll be able to enjoy all of these benefits. Download This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. Download TEXT 1 English as an international language [1] About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. It has become the new international language. There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first [5] language. Why is this? There are many reasons why English has become so popular. One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture like movies, music, and McDonald's has quickly spread throughout the world. It has brought its language with it. [10] Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? I don't know. It's important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it. Do we really need that? [15] Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn't too difficult and doesn't include any one group's culture. It is called Esperanto. But it hasn't become popular. But maybe the popularity of English won't last that long either. Who knows? There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language. Accessed on June 19th ____________ ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. The correct alternative which best completes the sentence above is a 1000 years b 10 years c 1100 years d 110 years e 100 years In today's globalized world, learning English as a second or foreign language has become increasingly important for many people. As a result, the demand for qualified English language teachers has never been higher, and there are teaching jobs available both in the United States and abroad for those who are passionate about teaching and interested in helping people learn English. We will explore the benefits of earning a TESOL Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages degree, including the potential career opportunities, personal growth, and the ability to make a positive impact on the lives of others. Whether you're considering a career change or you already have previous teaching experience and are looking to advance your current teaching position, read on to discover the advantages of obtaining a TESOL degree. Here are 3 benefits of earning a MA in TESOL Increased Career Opportunities Travel The World Earn a Competitive Salary What is a TESOL Degree? A TESOL degree is an academic program designed to prepare individuals to teach English as a second or foreign language to non-native speakers. TESOL degree programs typically cover a range of topics related to language teaching, including language acquisition theory, pedagogical approaches, lesson planning, assessment and evaluation methods, linguistics, and cross-cultural communication. TESOL degrees can be earned at various levels, including bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Bachelor's degree programs usually provide an introduction to TESOL and may include classroom observation or teaching practicum experience. Master's degree programs are more advanced and often require a teaching practicum as well as a thesis or research project. Doctoral degree programs are the most advanced and typically require extensive research in the field of TESOL. What You'll Learn in a Master's in TESOL Program A Master of Arts MA in TESOL program provides students with advanced knowledge and valuable skills in teaching English as a second or foreign language. Here are some of the things you can expect to learn in a MA in TESOL program Language Teaching Methodologies You will learn about different language teaching methodologies and approaches, such as communicative language teaching, task-based language teaching, and content-based language teaching. You will also learn how to apply these methodologies to different teaching contexts and student populations. Linguistics and Language Acquisition You will study the fundamental principles of linguistics and language acquisition, including phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. You will learn how to effectively apply this knowledge to your teaching practice. Curriculum Design and Assessment You will learn how to design language curricula and lesson plans that are aligned with language teaching methodologies and meet the needs of diverse student populations. You will also learn how to assess student learning and evaluate the effectiveness of language programs. Second Language Acquisition Research You will study research in second language acquisition and its implications for language teaching. You will learn how to apply this research to create effective language-teaching materials and activities for students whose native language isn't English. Multilingualism and Intercultural Communication You will learn about the cultural and linguistic diversity of English language learners and how to promote intercultural communication and understanding in the language classroom. Practicum and Classroom Teaching Many MA in TESOL programs include a practicum component, where students gain practical teaching experience by working in a language classroom with a qualified teacher in a public school setting. This provides students with an opportunity to apply the theories and concepts they have learned in the program to real-world teaching situations. Benefits of Earning a MA in TESOL A MA in TESOL provides numerous benefits for those who are looking for job opportunities in the field. This advanced degree enables English teachers to gain a deeper understanding of language acquisition and teaching methodologies for non-native speakers. It also opens up opportunities for higher-paying jobs in international schools or universities, as well as leadership positions in curriculum development and teacher training. Additionally, an MA in TESOL allows educators to make a greater impact in their communities by effectively teaching English as a second language to students from diverse backgrounds. Increased Career Opportunities As the population of non-native English speakers continues to grow in the US, the demand for qualified English language teachers has never been higher. But, there are more than just English teaching jobs available. There are a number of other career paths you can take in addition to teaching opportunities. English Language Teaching Positions TESOL graduates can teach English as a second language ESL or English as a foreign language EFL to non-native speakers in a variety of settings, such as public and private schools, private language schools, community colleges, universities, and businesses. International Teacher With a TESOL degree, you can apply for teaching positions in many countries around the world, including those in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and South America/Latin America. Some countries, such as China, South Korea, and Japan, have many international teaching jobs available and offer competitive salaries and benefits packages. Other countries, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, also offer high-paying ESL teaching contracts with benefits that sometimes include living expenses, airfare, and healthcare. University Professor or Instructor To become a university professor in the TESOL field, you will typically need to hold a PhD in TESOL or a related field, as well as extensive research and teaching experience. In some cases, a master's degree in TESOL or a related field may be sufficient for teaching positions at community colleges or smaller universities. Community-Based English Tutoring Programs Experienced teachers can work with community-based organizations, such as libraries and non-profit organizations, to provide English language instruction to adults and children in underserved communities. These positions often require a TESOL degree and may offer flexibility in scheduling and location. Curriculum Developer TESOL graduates can work in educational publishing companies or with educational institutions to develop curriculum and instructional materials for English language learners. With a TESOL degree, graduates can bring a deep understanding of language acquisition and effective teaching methodologies to the development of materials that are both engaging and effective. International Education and Exchange Programs TESOL degree holders can work with international education and exchange programs to develop and manage programs that bring non-native English speakers to the US for language and cultural immersion experiences. These positions often require a TESOL degree and may offer opportunities for travel and cultural exchange. Language Program Administration TESOL graduates can work in language program administration, overseeing language institutes or managing language programs in businesses. With a TESOL degree, graduates can bring a deep understanding of language teaching and learning to these positions, ensuring effective program management and success. Travel the World A Master of Arts in TESOL can provide individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to travel the world and experience new cultures while teaching English as a second or foreign language. With an MA in TESOL, you can teach in diverse settings, such as language schools, universities, or private tutoring to English learners. These opportunities can take you to different countries and regions, allowing you to experience new cultures and languages while teaching ESL. An MA in TESOL can also provide you with the flexibility to find English teaching jobs online from anywhere in the world. Online teaching platforms offer competitive salaries and flexible schedules, allowing you to travel while earning income. Teaching ESL in foreign countries can provide opportunities for cultural immersion as you learn from and interact with your students and fellow teachers. You can learn about the customs, traditions, and languages of the countries you teach in, allowing you to gain a deeper appreciation of the cultures you encounter. Traveling the world while teaching ESL can also lead to personal and professional growth as you gain international experience interacting with others around the world. You can develop new skills, gain confidence in your teaching abilities, and build connections with people from different backgrounds. Earn a Competitive Salary An advanced degree in TESOL can also help English teachers increase their salary by leveling up their teaching skills. Teachers may qualify for higher-paying positions, such as university-level teaching or teaching at prestigious international schools or private language schools. These positions often require an advanced degree and offer higher salaries and better benefits. An MA in TESOL can also provide individuals with a competitive advantage in the job market by demonstrating their expertise and commitment to the field. Employers may be more likely to offer higher salaries to individuals with an advanced degree in TESOL. It may also open up opportunities for career advancement, such as becoming a curriculum developer, teacher trainer, or administrator. These positions often offer higher salaries and better benefits than English teaching jobs. Find a Rewarding Career With a MA in TESOL From Pepperdine University Pepperdine University's MA program in TESOL provides students with the skills needed to teach English as an additional language from preschool through university, both in the United States and abroad, or to pursue doctoral studies. The program utilizes the scholar-practitioner model of professional training, offering rigorous coursework conjoined with clinical practicum placements that provide students the opportunity to gain practical experience teaching in multicultural and multilingual learning environments. Whether you're already an experienced English teacher or a career changer, this 11-month, full-time residency program located on Pepperdine University's Malibu campus is the perfect way to level up your career! In the twenty-first century, the entire world has become narrow, accessible, sharable and familiar for all the people living on this earth as English is used as a common language even though there are some variations in habits, cultures, traditions, regions and idiosyncratic aspects. As English has got the common qualities, it has been accepted as the global language among the speakers of thousands of different languages. Since science and technology is progressing, there are tremendous changes taking place in the lives of the human beings everywhere in the world. As a result, the whole world has become a global village and the people have to maintain good relationship with the others. Moreover, business, trade and commerce have become international and most of the business organizations have their offices in most of the countries. In order to maintain international relationship in science, technology, business, education, travel, tourism and so on, English serves the purpose as a common language and a global language. It is the language mostly used not only by the scientists, business organizations and the internet but also in higher education, and tourism sectors. As English plays a dominant role in almost all the fields in the present globalized world, there is a need to discuss its role as a global language. The present paper highlights the importance of English as a global language as most of the world's communications is done in English. It also reveals how English is being widely used in scientific research, business and education. This paper also throws a light on how travel and tourism and entertainment fields are benefitted by adopting English as their principal language of communication. This paper also highlights the importance of English in education and employment. Finally, some useful suggestions are also given in order to extend the use of English into several other fields. Introduction With the ever-growing levels of interconnectivity and globalization around the world, the significance of immediate and appropriate modes of communication has been increasing very rapidly in this modern world. It is an undeniable fact that there is a need for a common language to communicate with the present growing commerce and trade between companies from all over the world. With the development of informatization as well as globalization, it is evident that most people all over the world are communicating with the people of other regions in only one internationally recognized language, that is, English. English is the language that is almost used between an agent and an international company. English, being the first world language, is said to be the first global lingua franca and it is the most widely used language in the world in international trade, diplomacy, mass entertainment, international telecommunications and scientific publications as well as publishing newspapers and other books. Figures - uploaded by Parupalli SRINIVAS RaoAuthor contentAll figure content in this area was uploaded by Parupalli SRINIVAS RaoContent may be subject to copyright. Discover the world's research25+ million members160+ million publication billion citationsJoin for free Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 65 THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE ___________________________________________________________________________ PARUPALLI SRINIVAS RAO Lecturer in English, English Language Centre, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract In the twenty-first century, the entire world has become narrow, accessible, sharable and familiar for all the people living on this earth as English is used as a common language even though there are some variations in habits, cultures, traditions, regions and idiosyncratic aspects. As English has got the common qualities, it has been accepted as the global language among the speakers of thousands of different languages. Since science and technology is progressing, there are tremendous changes taking place in the lives of the human beings everywhere in the world. As a result, the whole world has become a global village and the people have to maintain good relationship with the others. Moreover, business, trade and commerce have become international and most of the business organizations have their offices in most of the countries. In order to maintain international relationship in science, technology, business, education, travel, tourism and so on, English serves the purpose as a common language and a global language. It is the language mostly used not only by the scientists, business organizations and the internet but also in higher education, and tourism sectors. As English plays a dominant role in almost all the fields in the present globalized world, there is a need to discuss its role as a global language. The present paper highlights the importance of English as a global language as most of the world’s communications is done in English. It also reveals how English is being widely used in scientific research, business and education. This paper also throws a light on how travel and tourism and entertainment fields are benefitted by adopting English as their principal language of communication. This paper also highlights the importance of English in education and employment. Finally, some useful suggestions are also given in order to extend the use of English into several other fields. Keywords English, Global, Language, Use, Communication etc Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 66 Introduction With the ever-growing levels of interconnectivity and globalization around the world, the significance of immediate and appropriate modes of communication has been increasing very rapidly in this modern world. It is an undeniable fact that there is a need for a common language to communicate with the present growing commerce and trade between companies from all over the world. With the development of informatization as well as globalization, it is evident that most people all over the world are communicating with the people of other regions in only one internationally recognized language, that is, English. English is the language that is almost used between an agent and an international company. English, being the first world language, is said to be the first global lingua franca and it is the most widely used language in the world in international trade, diplomacy, mass entertainment, international telecommunications and scientific publications as well as publishing newspapers and other books. As English is a lingua franca, most of the native and non-native speakers of English are using English as their mode of communication in their business matters or business organizations. English has become the fastest increasing language in this modern world and it occupies the status of a commercial language by connecting the East and the West and the North and the South. English language is spread all over the world into almost all the fields such as science, engineering and technology, medicine, trade and commerce, scientific research, education, tourism, internet, banking, business, advertising, film industry, transportation, pharmacy and to name a few. Undoubtedly, English occupies a unique place as it is the language that is so extensively used and so firmly established as a dominant global language in the above mentioned fields and the dominance of English has become like a snowball that is too big to prevent. Since English has assumed such a major role, several researchers have tried to coin a term by considering the various aspects of the use of English in diverse settings. Among them, Ahulu 1977 coins it, “General English”, McArthur 1987 says it, “World Standard Spoken English, whereasDavid Crystal 1997 invents a phrase, “English as a global language” and House 1999, Gnutzmann 2000 Seidlhofer 2001 & Jenkins 2007 name it as “English as a Lingua Franca”. Furthermore, Widdowson 1997, Modiano 1999 and Jenkins 2000 coined another phrase, “English as an International Language” and Brutt-Griffler 2002 invents a new word, “World English”. Of these, the most commonly used terms are English as a global language or English as a lingua franca or English as an international language. Even if there is a variation in vocabulary while using these terms, they give almost the same meaning which signifies that English is the most widely spoken and the most widely used language in almost all the major fields around the world. In this context, it is appropriate to say that English deserves the position of an international or global status in order to fulfill the Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 67 needs of the people who live in various regions all around the world by speaking different languages. Though English was originally considered the language of the British, it has become a second language of many former British colonies such as the US, Australia, Canada, Nigeria, South Africa and India due to the historical efforts of the British Empire. But today, English has become the principal language of the countries influenced by the British colonialism and it is also the main language used in business, trade and commerce and cultural spheres dominated by these countries. There is no hesitation to say that English has been used as the de facto language in the field of science and technology. Even most of the Hollywood movies and TV programmes are made in English and a majority of the newspapers in the world are published in English. It is also the language of scientific research and the common language used in the tourism department. Moreover, most of the students who go to foreign countries to pursue their higher studies should know this language as almost all the books of science, engineering, information technology, medicine, tourism, and business and so on are written only in English. Almost all the courses are taught in English in foreign countries. Furthermore, English has become an essential tool for those who wish to work in a foreign country or in any multi-national company. It is also the language mostly used on the internet and in the electronic media and press. English is the only language where 85% of the scientific journals are published in that language. Even the Chinese language, Mandarin, is spoken by a majority of people in the world, English has got its status as a global language only because Mandarin is limited to a part of the world whereas English is spread all around the world. Even though Mandarin has the highest number of speakers in the world, now the Chinese are learning English in order to expand their business in all regions of the world. As it is mostly used in the internet, the present e-business has been in progress and attaining good results in the field of trade and commerce. It is also the language used not only by the diplomats but also by some world organizations such as UNO, WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, OPEC, EFTA, ASEAN, UNHRC, WTO, ILO, BRICS, INTERPOL and so on. One third of these international organizations use English only but 90% of English is used among the Asian international organizations also. As different people from different parts of the world speak various languages, there is a need for a common language that is spoken by most of the people around the world. At this juncture, English has become the global language as it the language spoken by the people of all the countries in the world. Even though it is the native language of the US, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, it is spoken by more non-native speakers of the world. It has also got official language status, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials, for around sixty countries and fifteen countries are Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 68 using it as a de facto official language, but not as a primary language. There are even fifty-four countries with English as their official language and the language of their instruction in higher education. According to the recent statistics, English has been the official language in 55 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities. Even many country subdivisions have also declared English an official language at the regional or local level. Therefore, English has attained the status of a global language in order to meet the needs of the people across the world. Although English was the first West Germanic language spoken in medieval England, now it has become a global lingua franca. It has been the first language for a majority of the population in several countries, such as the United Kingdom, the Unite States, Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and a few Caribbean nations. Around 375 million people speak it as a first language and more than 750 million people speak it as a second language. Moreover, English has official or special status in almost 70 countries. By observing these statistics, one can easily understand why English occupies such an important role as a global language. Giddens 2000 asserts, “Globalization is a separation of space and time, with instantaneous communications, knowledge and culture could be shared around the world simultaneously”. Primarily, globalization has been viewed as an economic phenomenon by involving more interaction or integration of national economic systems through the progression of the international trade, capital flow and investment. Now the term of globalization expands to cross-border technological, political, social and cultural exchanges between nations, particularly, between people. States and territories in which English is the first language of the majority of the population. States and territories in which English is an official, but not the first language. Source The Importance of the English Language in Today's World There are certain reasons why English has attained the status of a global language. The UN currently uses five languages for the global community, such as English, French, Spanish, Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 69 Russian and Chinese and among them 85% of the international organizations have English as at leastone of their official languages where as French comes next to English with less than 50%. Even about one third of the international organizations including OPEC, EFTA and ASEAN use English only and 90% of English is used among Asian international organizations. In this regard, Crystal 1997 says, “85% of the world’s international organizations use English as their official language in transnational communication. About 85% of the world’s important film productions and markets ause English as well, and 90% of the publishe dacademic articles in several academic fields, such as linguistics, are written in English. In many cases, the increased growth in the use of English language can be attributed to educational economic or cultural globalization”. Fig A family tree representation of the spread of the English language around the world. Source The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2018 The above family tree is the representation of the spread of the English language around the world. The family tree shows that English is spread to all the countries of all the continents. It is not only due to the British colonialism and the American imperialism, but also its flexibility and adaptability. So English has got the status global language. A global language mainly arises due to the political as well as the economic power of its native speakers. It was the British imperial and industrial power that caused the spread of English around the globe from 17th to 20th century. It is the legacy of British imperialism as well as colonialism that has left many counties with the language thoroughly institutionalized in their parliament, civil service, courts, schools and education establishments. Moreover, English provides a neutral communication between different ethnic groups of the other counties. American imperialism is a policy that aimed at extending their political, economic and cultural control of the United States government over areas beyond its bounds. So the American imperialism dominates and influences the modern world to make English become the major language used for communication in various fields for the development of the Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 70 international markets such as tourism, advertising, science, technology, education, computer, finance, internet, information technology, and so on. A linguist, Robert Phillipson, labeled the expansion of English as “linguistic imperialism”. “Linguistic imperialism”, according to Phillipson 1992, “is the dominance asserted and retained by the establishment and continuous reconstitution of structural and cultural inequalities between English and other languages”. Kachru 1983 further says, “As a result, English became the most dominated and most powerful language in the world that motivated many linguists and language researchers to call it an international language”. So the term “international language” has been widely used only after English became both the mother tongue as well as the second language spoken by non-native speakers of various regions all around the world. Language is a means of communication and people share their thoughts, feelings, expressions, ideas and expressions. In other words, language exercises cultural transmission, socialization, status, sharing power, politics, and knowledge and so on. Even though there are different communication systems, human communication system is well-recognized because of its arbitrariness, duality of patterning, displacement, voluntary-vocal, etc. No language is alike and all languages are different from one another with respect to their popularity, cultures, dictions, influence, scope, aspects, accents, popularity, extra-linguistic features, standardization, status and so on. Fig The World’s Languages The above diagram unveils that even though there are people on the earth, nearly two-third of them speak the above mentioned 12 languages as their mother tongues. It clearly indicates that there area very limited number of languages spoken by many of their native speakers around the world. Today, almost 7,000 spoken languages are there in the world Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 71 whereas around 2,000 languages among these have less than a thousand speakers. So, almost a third of languages are now endangered as they are spoken by very less number of speakers less than a thousand speakers. Almost two-third among these 7,000 languages is from Asia and Africa. The percentage of the world’s languages is given by region here in the form of a chart The above chart unfolds that a majority of the languages in the world are spoken in Asia and then in Africa with a percentage of 32 and 30 respectively. The next places go to Pacific with 19%, America with 15% and Europe with 4%. Crystal 2003 states, “Since roughly one out of every four users of English in the world is a native speaker of the language, most of the interactions take place among non-native speakers of English”. For those, According to Firth 1996 240, “English is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue nor a common culture, and for whom English is the chosen foreign language of communication”. Sneddon 2003 says, “As a global language, it is obvious that English plays an important role in international interaction. International interaction includes economic relationship among countries, international business relationship, global trading and others”. English is used as lingua franca in these international interactions. Lingua franca is a language that is used to communicate among different people all over the world. It is a well-known fact that Chinese is the most spoken language in the world with the number of billion native speakers and among them, nearly 1 billion speak Mandarin and it is the language that is spoken by a majority people in the world. Then if we consider only the native speakers, Spanish has its nose in front of English with almost 400 million speakers. Whereas English is concerned, it is spoken by nearly 360 million native speakers as well as 500 million people speak it as a second language. Though the Chinese language has a large number of speakers in the world, it is limited to China only. On the other hand, English is spoken in all the countries in the world irrespective of their mother tongue. This clearly shows the remarkable success of English as lingua franca of travel and tourism, business and international relations. Though the Chinese language has a large number of speakers in the Asia32%Africa30%Pacific19%America15%Europe4%Fig Percentage of World's Languages by Region Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 72 world, it is limited only to China, whereas English is the language that is spoken in all the countries of the world irrespective of their mother tongue. Science and Technology English is the language widely used in the field of science and technology. It has also been adopted as the de facto universal language and this resulted a great impact on scientific communication. As a result, scientists all around the world can make use of the available scientific literature and communicate with the scientists of the other regions wherever they are in the world. Now-a-days, the working knowledge of English has become a minimum requirement in a number of professions and occupations such as a research, medicine, and computer and so on. Since the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a drastic change in the global scientific community. Now, English has become the prevalent predominant language in some non-English speaking countries like France, Spain and Germany. In this context, Adam Huttner-Koros says, “The academic papers outnumber in publications in the English language several times more than that of in their countries’ own languages”. He further says that this ratio is astounding that it has reached 401. It reveals that scientists who wish to produce influential, globally recognized work have to publish their papers in English as they have to share and enhance their knowledge with other scientists around the globe either by attending several international conferences, seminars and workshops or by reading papers written in English or through their discussions in English. Kumju Hwang, in his case study in 2005 on Korean scientists who were living in the UK mentions’ “The reason that non-native English speaking scientists have to use English, at a cost of extra time and effort, is closely related to their continued efforts to be recognized as having internationally compatible quality and to gain the highest possible reputation”. Fig Languages of Articles Even in the scientific publications, English plays a dominant role as more than 80% of all scientific journal articles in 1998 were indexed by Chemical Abstracts and these were written Englsih81%French11%Latin4%Other languages4% Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 73 only in English. Moreover, almost all the articles published in natural science in 1996 were in English and 90% of the publications in humanities by 1995 were also in English. It is a fact that English is spoken by 5% of the native speakers among 15% percent of its speakers world-wide. In the field of scientific research also our scientists prove their talent and getting progress in all their attempts as they have a common language to communicate with their co-scientists of the other regions of the world. As most of the literature available in scientific and technology which are the major fields in the present research is in English, there is a need to learn the English language by all the students as well as researchers around the world. Education It is a known fact that English plays a predominant role in the field of education all over the world. It has become a compulsion to learn English as most of the books of higher education are written in English. English has been widely used by the students as well as the teachers and researchers around the world as English is the main medium used in the various fields of education and it is the only language where the information is stored in the form of books and journals in both printed and electronic form. As there have been rapid changes in the field of educational system, the students can make use of the resources available all around the world just by accessing the internet. Moreover, the learners can learn the subjects independently and develop self-learning attitude. Now-a-days, most of the students would prefer to study in a foreign country in order to get better employment opportunities around the world and English will be a great asset for them. So, the learners of English as a foreign language are encouraged to learn English in order to promote their learning abilities in the fields of science and technology, IT, engineering, medicine, law, business, tourism, and so on. Though English is not an official language in some countries like Sweden and Netherlands, the syllabi in science and engineering is written in English because most of the literature in these areas around the world is available only in English. As the main intention of writing the materials of higher education in English is to make it available for the learners and the teachers wherever they are located on this earth, most of the students, teachers and research scholars make use of this opportunity to enhance their qualification as well as knowledge. So, there is also a possibility for them to improve their language skills and also with the learning knowledge of these subjects. Therefore, the importance of English in the field education is of immense use as most of the books are published in English and the research that is done is education is also in English. Employment Another advantage of learning English is getting employment as most of the job providers ask for the language skills, especially, communication skills in English. This is because most of the companies are dealing with the international companies. At the time of the interviews Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 74 also the interviewers test the candidates’ communication skills in addition to their academic background. Even if the candidates’ educational qualifications are excellent, the job providers concentrate mainly on their ability of expressing their ideas freely and frankly to the target people. As there are ample numbers of opportunities to work for the international organizations in the present global job market, everyone is trying his best to acquire the language skills in English. Once the job seekers acquire oral as well as written communication skills, they can work anywhere in this world. Even a majority of the Chinese and the Japanese are learning English in order to get better employment opportunities in this global era. Business In the modern business world, English is widely used for all the international business, trade and commerce. As a global language, English serves the purposes of the multi-national companies’ needs and it is being used as a tool of communication between one business organization and the other. Using the latest technologies in business, the mode of communication such as emails, letters, documentations, video, fax, telephone, etc. are mainly done in English. Graddol 1997 says, “About 80% people use English while they are in Europe. Not only in Europe, it is also used in global business which is happened under the control of World Trade Organization WTO. The Internet The widespread of English as an international language and with the advent of the internet as a mode of fast communication channel which has no boundaries, both are mutually enforcing novel trends and bringing tremendous changes in this age of globalization. Since the inception of the internet, it has brought drastic changes and revolutionized the ways of people’s communication and their learning of their English language in the global context. The internet has become an important linguistic medium as computer-mediated communication which is one of the main factors of globalization. The internet has become essential for every aspect of human life including the learning of languages. In 1960s, a new term global village’ was coined by McLuhan 1962 and he further says, “Electronic communication will unite the world because “the medium is the message”. English56%Russian6%German5%Spanish5%Chinese4%French4%Japanese4%Arabic3%Portugese2%Ohters11% Global Internet Usage Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 75 Fig Global Internet Usage It is a well-known fact that English has attained the status of a global language. It is true in the case of internet usage also. The above chart unveils that there is no other language that is widely used for internet purposes than English. It shows that majority 56% of the internet sites are designed in English, whereas in the other languages, the internet sites are designed with a low percentage 6% and below. So it is evident that English is the international language that is used even to design the websites and to browse the internet. Travel and Tourism As travel and tourism is related to both national and international levels, English is the language that is commonly used by all the international travel and tourism departments, agencies and companies. To travel to a foreign country, one must know the language of the others to communicate with the people of that country. So there should be a common language for the tourists to visit any country around the world and English as an international language serves the purpose. The international travel agencies also aim at recruiting people who can communicate well with the international tourists in English. Press and Media In the field of press and media, English is used as the primary language of the world due to the fact that it is the language used internationally by a majority of speakers. The world leading newspapers and magazines are printed in English and most of the news broadcast their programmes on the television in English. There are some television channels such as Discovery, Animal Planet, National Geographic, etc. help the learners improve their English. By watching the programmes in English on the TV, the learners not only improve their active vocabulary and understand English well but also develop their passive vocabulary gradually. There is a lot of impact of the media as well as the press on the young generation learners of English and most of them follow these English channels to improve their language skills. Even children can pick the English language very fast by watching the channels in English and by reading some story books, comics, cartoons, detectives, novels and so on. Entertainment English plays a vital role in promoting entertainment through movie, television and music industries. The most famous and the biggest world-wide famous television, music and movie industries have their basic foundation in Hollywood in the United States where they use English as their medium of communication to convey their message. Their main purpose of using English as their primary language is to promote their programmes or movies to all the parts of the world to make it understood by most people in the world. Due to the busy and tireless work, people are strained and feel stressed in these present days. So, movies or some entertainment programmes are made in English to entertain such kind of people. There are also some entertainment programmes in English like cartoons, movies, TV shows, comics and moral stories which entertain the children and improve their English language skills. There are also channels that telecast some valuable information for both the children as well as the adults like Discovery, National Geographic, Animal Planet, BBC, CNN, Star Movies, Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 76 AXN, to name a few. Children not only learn the English language but also enrich vocabulary and great knowledge about the subjects that have been discussed. As music, television and music are the three which play a key role not only in entertaining people and gaining more knowledge but also in enhancing their English language skills. Therefore, it is evident that English is used in all fields predominantly as a main or official language. The importance of English language increases day by day across the world. So the need to learn English language and use it as a foreign or second language for various purposes is essential today for everyone irrespective of regions, countries and contents. Conclusion In this paper, the importance of English as a global language has been comprehensively discussed and some statistical data has also been given as evidence to prove that English is the only language that is internationally spoken and accepted language. First of all, the importance of English in the field of science and technology has been thoroughly discussed. Then, the importance of English in education has been discussed in detail. Later, the scenario of the international job market has been extensively discussed. Furthermore, the use of English in business has been highlighted. Hence, the essence of English for business organizations to use English as medium of their communication in order to continue their business relationships and promote their business has been clearly discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the English language on the internet has been discussed and it has been proved that there are many websites using English as their medium of communication. Then, the importance of English in travel and tourism has been elaborated. Moreover, the importance of English in press and media has been discussed comprehensively. Finally, the impact of English on entertainment has been analyzed and here the use of English by the Hollywood-based television, music and movie industries has also been highlighted. Even though there are certain fields that are not mentioned, it seems that English plays a dominant in those areas also. The interesting trend in the twenty-first century is that some of the biggest economies such as China, Japan, Russia, France and Brazil are focusing on English language after realizing the value of English at global level. References  Ahulu, S. 1997. General English A consideration of the nature of English as an international medium. English Today. 131 17-23.  Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002. World English A study of its development. Clevedon and Buffalo Multilingual Matters.  Crystal, D. 1997. English as a Global Language.1st Ed.. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.  2001. English and the Cambridge University Press.  2003. English as a Global Language 2nd Ed.. Cambridge Cambridge University Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 77 Press. p. 69.  2006. "Chapter 9 English worldwide". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. A History of the English language. Cambridge University Press. pp. 420–439. ISBN 978-0-511-16893-2.  2010. Evolving English one language, many voices an illustrated history of the 2018. English language. London British Library. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.  The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language  Fisher, John, H. 1996. The Emergence of Standard English. 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World Englishes. 161 135-146. ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author, Parupalli Srinivas Rao, has a vast experience of teaching English at various levels. He has been specialized in ELT and has authored 10 books and published several research papers related to ELT. He has attended several national and international ELT conferences and also presented some papers in them. He has been on the Editorial board for seven international English journals including American Research Journal of English and Literature , Research Journal of English RJOE, ELT Vibes, ACADEMICIA SAARJ, Alford Council of International English and Literature Journal ACIELJ and Trans Asian Research Journal TARJ and International Journal of English and Studies IJOES. He has also done several projects including a project Oray’s Publications Impact Factor Research Journal Of English RJOE Vol-4, Issue-1, 2019 An International Peer-Reviewed English Journal ISSN 2456-2696 Indexed in International Citation Indexing ICI, International Scientific Indexing ISI, Cosmos, Directory of Research Journal Indexing DRJI & Cosmos. __________________________________________________________________________________ Research Journal Of English RJOE Copyright Oray’s Publication Page 79 done for the National Council for Teacher Education NCTE, Government of India and another one for King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. He has attended several in-service training programs in ELT. He has taught English in India, the Republic of Maldives and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for 27 years. At present, he is working as Lecturer in English at English Language Centre, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is very much interested in research activities and preparing study material for Undergraduate and Master’s Degree courses. He is a member of ELTAI, the prestigious organization for English language teachers. The author did his M. A. English from Osmania University in 1991. He also completed his PG Diploma in Teaching English EFL University and later he did B. Ed., M. Ed. and M. Phil. from Osmania University. In 1999, he did PG Diploma in Functional English from Andhra University. He did Cambridge CELTA in London in the year 2008. He also completed two onsite ELT courses, namely, Pronunciation for Language Teachers and Teaching Grammar in Context from University of Edinburgh, UK in 2008. At present, he is pursuing his Ph. D. in ELT. ... Teaching academic writing to undergraduate students helps build a foundation that will impact their future education level. Strengthening the foundation is crucial since writing competence facilitates academic and professional success Rao, 2019. Studies on graduate and postgraduate students' research papers revealed the problems of the papers' rhetorical moves Amnuai, 2019;Fazilatfar & Naseri, 2016;Nimehchisalem et al., 2016;Tankó, 2017;Tarvirdizdeh & Nimehchisalem, 2021. ...Studies about rhetorical moves in the introduction section have been widely conducted. However, the studies focusing on the research problem statement is still limited. This current study investigated the rhetorical structures, strategies, and linguistic features of the problem statement written by undergraduate students, which aimed to contribute to the teaching model in teaching academic writing. This research was a qualitative case study belonging to genre analysis, using Swale’s CARS model. Thirty undergraduate students’ problem statement texts were explored, and interviewers were further conducted to collect the data. The results indicated that nine types of rhetorical structures were employed, most of which were characterized as incomplete. The rhetorical strategies employed by the students were making a centrality claim, making topic generalizations, reviewing previous research, indicating a gap, establishing need and problem, continuing a tradition, outlining purposes, and announcing the state of the present research. Specific linguistic features were used in each move and step although the students admitted that they had lack of knowledge with linguistic features. Based on the research finding, a Critical Genre-Based model for teaching problem statements in writing is proposed because this model has facilitative effect on consciousness-raising of the genre’s rhetorical structure.... nglish is one of the international languages used as a means of communication in the international relationship. English is the first global language meaning that it is the first foreign language that most widely used in international trade, diplomacy, mass entertainment, international telecommunications and scientific publications as well as publishing newspapers and other books Rao, 2019. It means that English serves as a means of communication among people from a large number of countries in order to understand each other. ...Bella AnggrainiReading holds an important role in our lives. Reading allows us to expand our insight and knowledge. This research highlights the implementation of PARS strategy to improve secondary students’ reading comprehension. The objectives of the research were to find out whether or not there was any significant improvement on students’ reading comprehension of recount text by using PARS strategy and to find out whether or not there was any significant difference in students’ reading comprehension of recount text between those who were taught by using PARS strategy and those who were not. The population of this research was the tenth grade students of SMA 11 Palembang. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling and consisted of 85 students. The method of this research was a quantitative research with quasi experimental research design. The process of collecting the data was done by administering reading comprehension test with multiple choice form. The obtained data were analyzed by running Paired Sample T-test and Independent Sample T-test via SPSS. The result of Paired Sample T-Test revealed that PARS strategy could significantly improve students’ reading comprehension of recount text. Meanwhile, the result of independent sample t-test signified that there was no significant difference in students’ reading comprehension between those who were taught by using PARS strategy and those who were not.... English is the most used language in the global context, in a way to communicate with other people from different parts of the world about cultures, science, history, business, health, social and climate issues, technology, and so on Rao, 2019. Furthermore, as today we are living in the 21st century where the development of technology and science is rapidly changing and indeed they lately contribute to the lifestyle of modern humanity Marouli, 2021. ...Nina Afria DamayantiLaila RamlanWoro Endah Sitoresmi Muhammad Takwin MachmudMerdeka Curriculum or in Indonesian Language known as Kurikulum Merdeka is widely considered as the most popular curriculum applied in many educational institutions in Indonesia. In the context of elementary school, Merdeka curriculum places English Language as an optional subject offered to students. In fact, nowadays students as the future generation live in the digitized and network based community where English plays a critical role to help them adapt to the rapid change of technology and science. Consequently, it is crucial to study this government policy in the Merdeka curriculum on the English language subject for elementary students. This study aims to analyze the government policy on placing the English language as an optional subject in elementary school using the theory of language development and the role of English as lingua franca in the 21st century. This study applies a library research method and data are collected from published and unpublished scientific articles, analytical journals, government reports and national scale newspapers that are relevant to the aims of the study.... English is a highly acknowledged and utilized as a medium of instruction worldwide. The reason behind its popularity is its extensive usage in both spoken and written forms, which promotes globalization by enabling people from diverse backgrounds to communicate and interact in various economic sector Rao, 2019. The widespread integration of the English language has been observed to be prevalent in the global higher education sector Crystal, 2004. ...... Learning English enables individuals to access a vast range of entertainment and media from different parts of the world, which would otherwise be inaccessible to them Rao, 2019. It also facilitates cross-cultural communication and understanding, as people from different cultures can share and appreciate their art and literature through a common language. ... Nargis Noor JalalzaiNagina KanwalZahira AshrafImproving one's command of vocabulary knowledge is essential for advancing English language skills. Hence this study was undertaken using a qualitative technique to investigate students' perceptions of the Peer feedback strategies their teachers employ to improve English vocabulary learning among them. The population of this study consisted of all the enrolled students in the high schools in the city of Multan. By using a convenient sampling technique, 22 students were recruited to collect the data from conducting interviews. The findings of the study indicate that ESL teachers incorporate various helpful peer feedback techniques in their teaching practices that enable students to reinforce their language knowledge and enhance their vocabulary knowledge. These approaches include vocabulary games and vocabulary quizzes. Along with ESL teachers, the management authorities must give support to the faculty members to ensure their success.... This includes non-native speakers who are learning the language as either a foreign language or a second language L2. Rao 2019 stated that "the English language, which is said to be the first global lingua franca, has become the fastest-increasing language in this modern world and it occupies the status of a commercial language by connecting the East and the West and the North and the South". There is a perception that individuals with good English language command are educated, knowledgeable and trustworthy. ...Awareness of students’ LLS is highly useful for teachers to make informed decisions in their teaching practice. Although numerous researchers on LLS have been done, there has been no research comparing Malaysian students’ LLS in online lessons and face-to-face lessons. It is of great importance to explore this because the practice of incorporating blended learning that combines both online and face-to-face lessons has been on the rise. As such, this study explored Malaysian students’ language learning strategies during both online and face-to-face lessons. Mixed-method research approach was employed in which the first is a 5-point Likert scale survey questionnaire that was adapted from Oxford’s 1990 SILL questionnaire. 60 upper form ESL students were selected through convenience sampling to respond to the questionnaire. Aside from that, semi-structured interviews were carried out on 6 respondents from the questionnaire survey in order to obtain comprehensive responses from the participants. The research instrument aims to answer two research questions; 1 What are the language learning strategies used by Malaysian ESL learners in online classrooms? 2 What are the language learning strategies used by Malaysian ESL learners in face-to-face classrooms? The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27 and the findings were analysed descriptively by interpretation of mean scores and standard deviation. The findings suggest that students mostly use metacognitive and cognitive skills in both online and face-to-face classrooms. However, students use more direct learning strategies including memory and compensation strategies in online classrooms. Whereas, in face-to-face classroom, students generally lean more towards indirect learning strategies such as affective and social strategies. These findings implied that both online and face-to-face classrooms allow students to employ different learning strategies which can be beneficial for their language development. Hence, learning and teaching instructions that include both traditional and technologically enhanced ESL lessons would positively impact students. Future research of wider scale that includes diverse populations particularly from the quantitative view point would greatly help in adding onto the findings of this research.... English has become the most important language all over the world Rao, 2019. Nowadays, learning English becomes a necessity for students from kindergartens to universities. ... Mazharul IslamAchieving ability to communicate with others in English in Bangladesh is a burning issue. Effective communication demands the continuous practice of English speaking. In Bangladesh, most of the students are unable to speak in English fluently although they study English for long 12 years or more. Therefore, the researchers conducted the study to find out the reasons behind it. The researchers applied qualitative research methodology to find answers to the research questions. In order to collect data, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with four HSC Higher Secondary Certificate students and two teachers who taught the students English at the stated level at Nawab Faizunnesa Government College, Cumilla. All of them were interviewed over mobile phone because of the Covid-19 pandemic and the conversations were recorded with prior permission of the participants. Collected data were transcribed, coded, and categorized based on the themes of the research questions. The major findings of the study included- speaking activities in classroom are not sufficient; curriculum does not include speaking skill assessment; and students are not interested enough in English speaking because there is no test or assessment of speaking... It is widely acknowledged that English has become an essential foreign language in Indonesia Setiawan, 2014. The most frequently cited reason is that it is a global or international language Rao, 2019. The English language is determined to be the first foreign language that Indonesian students must learn from the age of ten or below to the university level of formal education Yufrizal, 2017. ...Zahratul Aeni Zurina KhairuddinIn responses to the demand of the twenty-first century learning, the Indonesian government stipulated the 2013 curriculum in order to prepare students to be more productive, creative, and innovative. The presence of English language subjects in secondary schools aims to develop students' communicative competence and instill the nation character’s noble values in life to increase the country's competitiveness in a global society. It can be realized by implementing learning embodied with critical and creative thinking skills in various language learning environments. This study aims to explore how the teachers apply the thinking skills theories LOTS and HOTS in teaching English language at secondary school in West Lombok. This qualitative case study research garnered the data through semi-structured interviews involving ten purposively selected English language teachers. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis through the process of coding, categorizing, and thematizing the data. The findings showed that the teachers lacked knowledge mastery to implement thinking skills LOTS and HOTS in teaching and learning of English language at secondary school in West Lombok. Though HOTS was very challenging, the teachers recognize that it is essential to implement it to achieve many benefits in the future. This study encapsulates that thinking skills LOTS and HOTS have not been efficiently incorporated into the classrooms. Recommendation for future research are discussed.... Many countries in the world use English as a communicative language. According to the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language data, "85% of the world's international organizations use English as their official language in transnational communication Rao, 2019." Based on the data, many people use English as their first language daily and learn English as a Foreign Language. ...I Ketut WiriawanThis study aimed at determining the correlation between students' academic self-concept toward student learning achievement in English learning in grade XI of Social Class of SMA Jagadhita Amlapura. This study is ex-post-facto research with a correlational technique and survey method. The population sample of this study was 33 students in XI of Social Class at SMA Jagadhita Amlapura in the academic year 2021/2022. A Questionnaire of Academic Self-Concept and documentation of students' report cards were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment correlation and determination test, were used to analyze the data. Based on the data analysis, it was found that there is no significant correlation between academic self-concept toward student learning achievement of XI Social Class in SMA Jagadhita Amlapura with correlation value and p-value > While based on the determination test, only 8% of academic self-concept explained the variance of learning achievement, and 92% was predicted by another variablvariablest not examined in this study. The results of this study are not following the theory and differ from previous studies, which mainly obtained results that there was a significant correlation between academic self-concept and learning achievement. This could be due to the small sample size cannot prove a significant relationship between the two variables of the study or other limitations in this study. Bader AghoulidThis study investigated the types and frequency of lexical errors made by university students of Business English in their writing and spoken production. The participants were 50 undergraduate students from a business school at the University of Ibn Zohr, Morocco. A comprehensive language assessment was conducted to measure their vocabulary size, productive vocabulary knowledge, and language proficiency. Their written essays and spoken interviews were analyzed using James' Taxonomy of Lexical Errors 1998. The results showed that the most frequent types of lexical errors made by the participants were word Distortions 46%, followed by Misformation 33%, and finally Confusion of Sense Relation 18%. The study also found a significant correlation between vocabulary size and productive vocabulary knowledge with the number and types of lexical errors made by the participants. The findings have implications for language teaching and learning, suggesting that more attention should be given to vocabulary instruction and practice to reduce lexical errors in Business English communication. Marko ModianoA novel view of how English might or should be modelled at the turn of the millennium – followed by some solicited McArthurCambridge Core - Sociolinguistics - The English Languages - by Tom McArthur Kumju HwangThis article examines international scientific activities in the context of hierarchical international relations and how English use is related to inequality in core-periphery relationships. However, the author recognizes that the theoretical concept of colonialist discourse is too dichotomous to apply to the multilayered structure of the real world. To some extent, Traweek’s notion of “the acceptance of the Euro-American dominant scientist” can be related to English use in the means of achieving a competent scientist for nonnative English speakers who are located in the periphery. This becomes a social-structural problem of using another language to nonnative English-speaking scientists and engineers. Korean scientists’ and engineers’ international scientific activities are greatly motivated by sociocultural determinants such as cultural prejudice, their peripheral position, reputation and recognition, and English competence. Although English use greatly affects their international activities, especially paper publication in international journals, they tend to disregard the general English problem by separating general English use from scientific English McLuhanThe Gutenberg Galaxy catapulted Marshall McLuhan to fame as a media theorist and, in time, a new media prognosticator. Fifty years after its initial publication, this landmark text is more significant than ever before. Readers will be amazed by McLuhan’s prescience, unmatched by anyone since, predicting as he did the dramatic technological innovations that have fundamentally changed how we communicate. The Gutenberg Galaxy foresaw the networked, compressed global village’ that would emerge in the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries - despite having been written when black-and-white television was ubiquitous. This new edition of The Gutenberg Galaxy celebrates both the centennial of McLuhan’s birth and the fifty-year anniversary of the book’s publication. A new interior design updates The Gutenberg Galaxy for twenty-first-century readers, while honouring the innovative, avant-garde spirit of the original. This edition also includes new introductory essays that illuminate McLuhan’s lasting effect on a variety of scholarly fields and popular culture. A must-read for those who inhabit today’s global village, The Gutenberg Galaxy is an indispensable road map for our evolving communication in intercultural communication Interactions in English as a lingua franca and the myth of mutual intelligibilityJ House House, J. 1999. Misunderstanding in intercultural communication Interactions in English as a lingua franca and the myth of mutual intelligibility. In Claus Gnutzmann Ed. The British Council. Archived from the original PDF onD Graddol Graddol, D. 1997. "The Future of English?" PDF. UK The British Council. Archived from the original PDF on 19 February 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007

english has become a second